Sunday, January 26, 2020

Richard Ramirez And The Night Stalker

Richard Ramirez And The Night Stalker In June of 1984, Richard Ramirez began his criminal career as The Night Stalker. His reign of terror, though ending just the following year, tormented the people of Los Angeles. Ramirez is a self-proclaimed Satanist and thief, but stealing cars and breaking into homes were not even close to the worst of his crimes. Ramirezs friendship with his cousin, Mike, may have been the most important relationship in his life, in that not only did he teach Richard that having fun consists of riding around, smoking marijuana, and listening to heavy-metal music, but also that drugs, violence, and sex all go together. Richard Ramirez was born in El Paso, Texas on February 29, 1960 (Richard Ramirez; The Night Stalker, n.d.). His father, Julian Ramirez, was a Mexican immigrant who worked for Santa Fe Railroad. His mother, Mercedes Ramirez, worked at a Tony Lama boot factory mixing chemicals for the boot leather (Richard Ramirez; The Night Stalker, n.d.). Fortunecity.com states, Life was not easy in the Ramirez family, but they all worked hard to make ends meet. Julian and Mercedes loved their children and provided for them to the best of their ability. The boys, who rebellious natured and hot-tempered like their father, could have benefited from more supervision, but Julian had to travel to lay track for the railroad and was away from home frequently, (Richard Ramirez; The Night Stalker, n.d., p. 2). Richard and his four brothers and sisters all experienced medical problems when they were young. Some of the difficulties are believed to be a result of the nuclear bomb tests the U.S. Government was co nducting in New Mexico in the 1950s. The fallout from these bombs was carried by wind over into El Paso, Texas (Grise, 2000, p. 1 2). Also, the fumes Mercedes inhaled while working at the boot factory may have contributed to Richards health problems. He was diagnosed with epilepsy in the fifth grade. Sometimes he would have grand mal seizures and other times he would just stare off into space as he experienced petite mal seizures, (Richard Ramirez; The Night Stalker, n.d.). Although Richard had four older siblings, he spent most of his time with his cousin, Michael. Mike was a Vietnam veteran and returned from war with not only tales of rape and murder, but also detailed polaroids as proof (Richard Ramirez; The Night Stalker, n.d.). Richard admits that he was especially sexually aroused by the photographs of the rape/murder victim that Michael showed him, (Grise, 2000, p.2). This highly successful killer and sadist took Richard under his wing and taught him how to kill and fight, (Richard Ramirez; The Night Stalker, n.d. p.2). Richard and Mike spent a great deal of time together, riding around, smoking pot, and talking about the war. In an interview Phillip Carlo conducted with Ramirez after he had been incarcerated almost nine years, Ramirez talked about the time he spent with his cousin. He said Mike had a shoebox filled with polaroids in his closet of women and girls he had raped and killed in the jungle. He told Carlo that Mike had torn off their cl othes and tied them to a tree. He raped them in front of each other and then killed them. He had pictures of them with their heads cut off. When Carlo asked if Mike had told him all of this, Richard replied, Yeah, told me all about it exactly what he did. We used to go for joy rides all around El Paso, smoke pot, listen to the radio, and he would tell me what he did with the women, (Carlo, n.d., p. 9). Ramirez goes on to say that these show-and-tell sessions heavily influenced him and that he thought about it a lot. When asked if it influenced him sexually, he responded, Fuck yeah, of course, sexually. It was all about sex, (Carlo, n.d., p. 9). In this same interview, he also says Mike taught him about how to use a knife and how to cut peoples throats. He taught him how to wear all black and avoid reflecting light when breaking into peoples houses. Eventually, Mikes wife got tired of her husband only wanting to spend time with Richard and glorify his sexual conquests and murders in Vietnam. This caused fights. One day, in the midst of one of these fights, Mike shot his wife, Jessie, in the face and killed her. Mikes two boys, ages three and six, and Richard were only a few feet away and witnessed it all. Richard admitted this had a strange effect on him. He told Carlo, I mean, to see something like that the line between life and death right there in front of me. Intense. When she went down I saw it all in slow motion, (Carlo, n.d., p. 8). When Richard turned 18, he went to Los Angeles to stay with his brother, Ruben. Ruben was addicted to heroin and also a burglar. Fortunecity.com reports, There was only one objective now stealing money to get high, (Richard Ramirez; The Night Stalker, n.d., p. 2). Richard became addicted to cocaine and started stealing cars also. He would drive around in the stolen cars looking for homes to rob. When Phillip Carlo asked Ramirez about his thoughts concerning cocaine, Richard said, I think cocaine is addictive and harmful to the bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Sure, its harmful, but the sense of pleasure it gives is very profound! There is nothing to me anyway, that comes near it, (Carlo, n.d., p. 5). Along with this cocaine addiction and his pride in becoming such a successful burglar, now came the Satanism. Being raised a Christian; Ramirez knew his thoughts and actions did not please God. He believed Satan would be proud of his sadistic sexual desires. When his older sister came to visit him in Los Angeles, she asked why he had chosen to worship Satan. Ramirez responded, Because Satan represents what I feel. Im not like other people. Im differentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ive got a trade. Im a thief, Ruthie, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and a good oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Im not going to any jailà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Im protected, (Richard Ramirez, The Night Stalker, n.d., p. 4). On June 28, 1984, his burglaries turned into something far more evil, (Montaldo, n.d., p. 1). After breaking in the home of 79 year old Jennie Vincow and finding nothing valuable to steal, Ramirez became enraged. He needed money to buy more cocaine and a prostitute. He took his anger out on the sleeping woman by stabbing her repeatedly and cutting her throat. After this murder, Ramirez did not strike again for eight months. In February of 1985 he abducted two girls in separate incidents, (Richard Ramirez Night Stalker, n.d., p. 1). He raped both of these girls then dumped them out. On March 17, 1985, Ramirez jumped 22-year-old Angela Barrio outside her condo. He shot her, kicked her out of the way, and headed into her condo. Inside, was roommate, Dayle Okazaki, age 34, who Ramirez immediately shot and killed. Barrio remained alive out of pure luck. The bullet had ricocheted off the keys she held in her hands, as she lifted them to protect herself, (Montaldo, n.d., p. 1). According t o allserialkillers.com: Not long after, he pulled Tsai-Lian Yu from her car and shot her several times. She was still alive when the police got to her but died later. A few days later, he abducted and raped an eight year old girl. Then on March 27, 1985, Ramirez murdered Vincent and Maxine Zazzara. He not only shot both of them, but also stabbed Maxine and carved out her eyes. On April 14, Ramirez broke into the Doi house, shooting and killing William Doi and beating his wife Lillie. Richards crime spree continued. In May, he beat 84-year-old Mabel Bell and 81-year-old Florence Lang and scratched satanic symbols over them. They were not found until two days later, and Bell later died. He cut Patty Higgins throat in June and, only two miles away, did the same thing to Mary Cannon in July. About a week later, Ramirez beat a 61-year-old to death in her home. On July 20, Ramirez killed Chainaroung Khovanath. Next, he beat and raped his wife. Not content with that he took their eight-yea r-old son into the next room with a bottle of baby oil. Mrs. Khovanath was forced to listen as Ramirez raped him, then he stole about $30,000 in cash and jewelry, (Richard Ramirez Night Stalker, n.d., p. 1). Max and Leta Kneiding were shot and killed in their home. In August, he attacked Christopher and Virginia Peterson, but did not kill them. A few days later, he killed Elyas Abowath and savagely beat his wife, Sakina. On August 17, Richard committed his only murder outside of Los Angeles. He shot and killed Peter Pan in San Francisco; and although beaten and shot, Peters wife, Barbara, survived her attack. Her description of the attacker matched the description of other survivors. The murderer was named The Night Stalker by the media. A week later, Ramirez shot William Carns in the head three times and raped his fiancà ©e, Inez Erickson. In the end, Ramirezs fingerprint was taken off an abandoned stolen car identified by Inez Erickson, and his picture was on the front page of t he paper. He was spotted by a customer in a local liquor store, and chased and beaten by local thugs (Richard Ramirez Night Stalker, n.d., p. 1) Richard was arrested for 13 murders, five attempted murders, six rapes, three lewd acts on children, two kidnappings, three acts of forced oral copulation, four counts of sodomy, five robberies, and 14 burglaries. At his trial, Richard inscribed a pentagon on his left palm and showed it to photographers. He also made devils horns with his fingers (Schechter and Everitt, 1996, p. 249). He was convicted on 46 of these counts at 2:20 p.m. on September 20th, 1989, in a Los Angeles county courtroom in California. He was subsequently given a death sentence on October 3rd of that same year, (Grise, n.d., p. 1). He is now on death row at San Quentin State Penitentiary, where he has even gotten married! According to Schmalleger (2009), Social learning theory says that all behaviour is learned in much the same way and that crime, like other forms of behaviour is also learned, (p. 300). Richard learned a lot from his cousin, Mike. According to this theory, Richard learned from an early age that sex, drugs, and violence go together and create intense pleasure. Differential identification theory is an extension of social learning theory and is defined as, An explanation for crime and deviance that holds that people pursue criminal behaviour to the extent that they identify themselves with real or imaginary people from whose perspective their criminal or deviant behaviour seems acceptable, (Schmalleger, 2009, p.302). Daniel Glaser said that through this process, people develop a personal identification with criminals. Richard Ramirez definitely developed a relationship with his cousin, Mike. He taught Richard how to perfect his burglaries, and Richards killings emulated the photographs s hown to him by Mike of his rapes and murders in Vietnam. He learned a great deal from Mike and then later turned to Satanism as a result of his evil thoughts and desires. Richards crimes began as instrumental crimes in that they were goal-oriented. He broke into homes to steal because he needed money to buy hotel rooms, drugs, and prostitutes. He then began raping and murdering with no other motive than he simply enjoyed these acts. What caused Richard Ramirez, a.k.a. The Night Stalker, to torture, rape, and murder men, women, girls, and boys in 1984 and 1985? I think it is a combination of learned aggression from his father, drug addiction, the positive associations his cousin taught him between violence and sex, and his personal thoughts about Satan. Whether or not his actions were influenced by any biological forces, we will never know. But, the impact his cousin had on his criminal career cannot b denied. Would Ramirez still have committed all those crimes had Mike not invested so much time in boasting of his sexual conquests and killings to Richard? We will also never know. What we do know is The Night Stalkers crimes cannot be forgotten, and if his appeals are denied, Richard Ramirez will be put to death. Then he just might get his wish: To obtain the most honorable place at Satans table.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Building construction for fire protection

Statistics indicate that about two hundred individuals die every year as a result of explosions and accidents in the workplace. Additionally, these same accidents injure about five thousand workers in the workplace. Businesses can spend as much as five billion dollars on fire related accidents. This shocking statistics is actually an indication of what all business in the US spent on rectifying these accidents in the year 1999. The means of egress standards are a code of practice that are designed to ensure maximum [protection in case of fire emergencies in buildings.The standards were based on the National Fire Protection Authority (NFPA 101). The means of egress can be found in the NFPA 101 in the subsection E part. 3 parts of the means of egress The means of the egress are a pathway from a building to a public area. This pathway must be continuous in nature. In encompasses three main sections that include; †¢ The route of exit access †¢ The exit itself †¢ A way of e xit discharge It should be noted that all structures and buildings designed to host human beings must have a means of egress.The main purpose and principle behind these rules is to ensure that there are fewer instances of danger to the worker or the occupant in the case of a fire. The means of egress also protect occupants from the resulting fumes or smoke that emanate from the fire and they also ensure safety as result of panic from the occurrence of the fire. It should be noted that three means of egress only apply to protection and has nothing to do with property protection. There are a total of seven requirements that buildings must conform to in relation to the latter 3 sections.First of all, buildings should be positioned such that all the exits facilitate free movement. Additionally, the means of egress must not obstructed by any materials, persons and activities for that matter. The egress must be a key component in all parts of the building and must allow occupation at all times. The second aspect about these three main components of egress is insurance of visibility. Buildings should be arranged in such a way that the routes to all exits are conspicuously located. The third aspect refers to the lighting aspect. Buildings should be such that they provide adequate illumination at all the exit areas.The fourth requirement is about fire alarms. The means of egress standards require that fire alarms be put in place in order to warn their occupants of the fire. This ought to occur in the event that the fire in itself does not provide adequate warning to the residents of the facility. The fifth requirement is in regard to how the exit routes are arranged. In the event that one means of egress is blocked by the resulting smoke or fire, then buildings ought to have two means of egress. These means of egress should not be adjacent to one another as these will beat the whole purpose of the contingency plan.The two means of egress should be located as a far way from each other or as far as the building design can allow. Additionally, constructions ought to be done in such a way that one means of egress does not block the other. This means that when fire blocks one route, then the other should be easily accessible to the building’s occupants. The sixth egress requirement refers to means of safety during building construction. Employees ought to be protected during the construction process by denying them access into the building until all the aggress means have been installed into the building and they can be utilized.In the event that a building has to be modified or reconstructed, then all the exit routes must be usable and available in case of a fire emergency. If this is not possible, then the constructors must provide resident occupants with an alternative route. The sixth requirement also protects constructors themselves; it requires that there should be no flammable substances or explosive substances introduced into the buildi ng when there are some occupants within. There should be fire permits, hot zones and fire watch precautions whenever a construction is ongoing.The last egress requirement is in relation to the maintenance practices of the occupants. Buildings should always have continuous and unobstructed egress. Structures should always have the following facilities in place in order to maintain safety. These facilities must be working well at all times and occupants should avoid giving themselves a false sense of security; †¢ Fire equipment †¢ Fire doors †¢ Exit lighting †¢ Alarm systems †¢ Fire detectors †¢ Automatic sprinklers Egress designThere are a number of unique egress components that building designs should adhere to. In this case, egress routes should be constructed using materials that are fire rated. Additionally, the egress building materials should be protected from all other parts of the building. In case a building has a one to three stories, then its egress must be made up of one hour fire resistant material. In case a building will be made up of four stories or more, then it must have two-hour-rated egress material. Additionally, the fire doors making up the egress must be self-closingAfter conforming to the material specifications, egress designs should fall within the following dimensions; the width of the egress is largely determined by the angle of inclination of the egress itself. All egress routes must have a minimum of thirty degrees elevation. This angle applies to all the sections that make up the egress system. During construction, the egress’ width should not be limited by any nearby doors. Additionally, exit doors should open in the direction of the exit direction.The means of egress should also be designed in such a way that it can accommodate occupant load where the latter term refers to the sum of persons in a particular building at any given time. Means of egress should also incorporate the Floor area to occupant load factor (OLF) ratio. For instance, if the occupant load factor within a building is ten square feet per person and if the floor area is four hundred and fifty square feet, then the occupant load is forty-five people. Means of egress should be designed such that there are two means of exist at each location.Additionally, they should be placed far away from one another. Building designs should be made in such a way that the storage rooms, lockable rooms and bathrooms are nowhere near the means of egress. The means of egress should also not be placed in an area that requires passage near a hazardous area. Exits must be made as accessible as possible this means that there should be a good arrangement on where the exit is. Additionally, there must be no mirrors or hanging drapes at the exit routes. The exterior section of the egress must be arranged in such a manner that there is a roof if it is likely to snow or rain in that area.Also, there should be no obstructions at the exterior egress. They should be made up of solid floors which are smooth in nature. The exterior egress should also have some guards on its sides; these sides should be left undisclosed. The exit discharge itself should be constructed in such a way that it gives access to a safe public area. These may include a court, yard or the street. The discharge are must be constructed in such a way that its width is adequate enough to accommodate occupants. Additionally, if there are any stairs there, they must give a direction to the streets very clearly.The egress headroom should have a minimum projection of six feet nine inches and a minimum height of seven feet six inches. A ramp or a staircase should negotiate any changes to the egress elevation. The egress must be maintained constantly through adequate checks. In this regard, the doors ramps, stairs passages must be reliable. There should be no gaps in the stairs and care must be taken to ensure that the concrete does not crumble. Occu pants should avoid placing decorations near the egress. Additionally, there should be no furniture or explosive material in the egress.Additionally, occupants must endeavor to conduct frequent inspections and tests of the sprinkler systems in the egress. All exits must be marked using colors, sizes and designs that can be easily read by observers. The ones indicating exist must contrast with existing backgrounds or interior finishes. Care must be taken to ensure that the signs have not been covered in any way or that they are no other signs near the exit sign itself. Illumination should be reliable enough in that the total level should not be less than the amount of light emanated by five candles.It is better to use internally illuminated exit signs. Exit signs must have the word ‘exit’ indicated. They must be six inches long (or more). They must not be less three quarters of an inch. Evolution of fire code history and current functions related to this In the past means of egress have been designed depending on just a few requirements. Most of the time, they used to relate to the nature of occupancy within the building. However, with time the means of egress began incorporating other aspects such as the number of persons exposed to the fire, the nature of fire protection preparations.Additionally, its design also incorporates other issues such as the nature of the building construction and how tall the specific building is. Elements of code administration, inspection practices and appeals process in code enforcement The means of egress provisions are found either in the International Building Code or the Uniform Building Code. The latter two codes are somewhat similar in nature and they provide the ways of administering these means of egress. In the Uniform Building Code the exit discharge consists of the balconies and exit staircase.However, the International Building Codes considers the exterior balconies as the exit access. On the other hand, t his code defines the exterior stairways as part of the exit. It should also be noted that both of these codes describe the means of egress in a similar format. However, the major difference comes about in the manner of arrangement. The International Building Code has more sections than the Uniform Building Code. Additionally, three is a provision for guards in the IBC. However, the same cannot be said of the UBC. ConclusionA means of egress is a pathway that facilities the safe exit of occupants from a building and does not encompass property safety. The Code gives specifications on the most appropriate material for an agrees, its dimensions and the other features that must be incorporated to make it safe and usable. Some of these features include the sign and the exit discharge. The Code also gives direction about maintenance practices of the egress. In this case, the egress must be well illuminated at all times, it must not be obstructed and fire response facilities such as alarms must be working in proper order.This goes along way in eliminating a false sense of security within the premises. References City of Seattle (2008): Means of Egress, retrieved from http://www. seattle. gov/dpd/static/1egress_LatestReleased_DPD_001932. pdf accessed on 12th July 2008 U. S. Department of Labor (2008): Occupational Safety & Health Administration, retrieved from http://www. osha. gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp. show_document? p_table=FEDERAL_REGISTER&p_id=13576 accessed on 12th July 2008 McMahon, D. (2008a): Means of Egress and Emergency Plans, retrieved from, http://www.ihs. gov/NonMedicalPrograms/IEH/documents/presentations/egress. ppt. accessed on 12th July 2008 OSHA (2007a): Means of Egress and Fire Protection, http://www. rrcc. edu/rmec/OSHAoutreach/10hr_gi/lessonplans/egressfireprotection. pdf. accessed on 12th July 2008 OSHA (2007b): How to Prepare for Workplace Emergencies, retrieved from http://www. osha-slc. gov/OshDoc/Additional. html accessed on 12th July 2008 OSHA (2008b)Fire Safety Advisor, retrieved from http://www. osha-slc. gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/softfirex. html accessed on 12th July 2008

Friday, January 10, 2020

Has the Indentureship System Brought Significant Value?

The contemporary Caribbean society is comprised of various forms of culture and ethnic backgrounds. The main influential force behind this cultural diversification is due to slavery and Indentureship. Indentureship is the state or period of being a servant bound to service for a specified time in return for passage to a colony. The Indentureship system lasted from 1838 to 1917. This system consists of a variety of ethnic groups such as east Indians, white labourers and Chinese.Indeed this system of indentureship did brought significant value to the Caribbean civilization. The east Indians brought along the practicing of craft, some venture into retail trade while others went into agriculture. Indian contributions to Jamaican culture are legion. Indian jewellery designs have made their mark especially in the form of intricately wrought thin, gold bangles. Indian contributions to Jamaican culture are legion. Indian jewellery designs have made their mark especially in the form of intric ately wrought thin, gold bangles.Old animosities forgotten, elements of traditional Indian dress can be found in Jonkonnu processions and many African-Jamaicans participate alongside their Indian-Jamaican brothers and sisters in the Indian inspired cultural celebrations of Hosay and Divali. The indentureship system left behind traditional Indian foods for example curry goat, roti and callaloo which most of the Caribbean countries have adopt to their national cuisine.East Indians settled in Caribbean countries such as Trinidad, Guyana, Martinique and more places in which they played a significant role in the development of the economy. These indentured laborers had saved an ailing sugar industry, which was one of the main industries that led to the growth and development of these countries. Indians brought their firm family structure in which all relations supported each other. The idea of extended family, which included several generations, was very strong. All males over 16 years w ere members of a family council.They made all decisions of the family, for example marriage, religious ceremonies and expenditure. Hindus worshipped several gods of which Brahma was the most important. He was the supreme god or creator. They believed that when people died their souls were reborn in a new body. The Hindus had very strict divisions in the society. This was known as the caste system. Each person belonged to a special group or caste. The Brahmins, or the religious leaders, were at the top of the society and the Hindus in the Caribbean continued to follow them as their leaders.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay

Back in 1894, the American writer Kate Chopin wrote the short-story The Story of an Hour. Chopin, born OFlaherty, wasnt renowned as a writer during her time, but she has achieved recognition in the 20th century especially with her 1899 novel The Awakening. Her stories about strong women have really been paid attention to in relation to this centurys sexual liberation debate. This short-story revolves around what goes through a persons head when informed that a close family member has perished. However, I wouldnt say that this is the theme of the story, which Ill get back to. Louise Mallard is a young, yet married woman who suffers from heart trouble, and thats why her closest relatives feel that they have to break the news to†¦show more content†¦In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves. All these descriptions are beautiful images of life, making the reader quite confused until Louises reaction is explained. As Chopin puts it: She said it over and over under her breath: free, free, free! This feeling; freedom, is obviously something Louise hasnt felt for a really long time. She now rambles on about that she loved him, but now she is perfectly happy and more than that with the fact that she had regained her freedo m. As Chopin puts it; What could love (..) count for for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being! Louise now has more positive energy and vitality than ever, and even calls herself a Goddess of victory. Her sister, Josephine, is worried about the amount of time Louise has spent in her room all alone, and anxiously knocks on the door, asking whether shes alright. Feeling better than ever and imagining a new life filled with happiness and freedom, she willingly opens the door and descends down theShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1150 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour is a perfect example of literature that glorifies the commonplace event: the story depicts a gigantic event in the life of its protagonist by using a minimalist economy of means. The opening sentence of The Story of an Hour carefully sets up the conclusion of the story. Chopin is working wit h such limited space here that it resembles more the crafting of a poem than a fictional narrative. We are told that Mrs Mallard was afflicted with heart trouble so greatRead MoreAn Analysis of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour850 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a famous piece of literature widely recognized throughout the entire literary world. 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They were considered selfish if they thought otherwise, and their job was to make their husbands happy at all times. This was the century of a turning point for women, in which they had desires test their limits imposed on their sex. Critics of her stories list the analysisRead MoreEssay on Structural Technique in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin861 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story. Kate Chopin uses structural techni ques to enhance â€Å"The Story of an Hour† from beginning to end. She follows formal structure to a certain degree, but occasionally strays to actual structure. Upon analysis of the organization of Chopin’s story, the reader understands the powerful meaning that is expressed in such a short piece. Initially, a short story begins with an exposition. This is the laying out of important background information, characters, and setting. Chopin’s story is only